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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">Linux常用指令（一）</h1>
        

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        <h1 id="Linux-常用指令-一"><a href="#Linux-常用指令-一" class="headerlink" title="Linux 常用指令(一)"></a>Linux 常用指令(一)</h1><blockquote>
<ul>
<li>tail</li>
<li>grep</li>
<li>cat</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>Linux下的常用指令，便于查看log和一些文件操作0 0。</p>
<h2 id="tail"><a href="#tail" class="headerlink" title="tail"></a>tail</h2><p>tail 命令是一个看log的有利工具.</p>
<a id="more"></a> 

<p>Syntax:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>tail [必要参数] [选择参数] [files]</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Options Description</span><br><span class="line">-c [+]num ：Output the last num bytes of each file</span><br><span class="line">-f ：This option will cause tail will loop forever, checking for new data at the end of the file(s). When new data appears, it will be printed.</span><br><span class="line">-n num ：Output the last num lines, instead of the default (10).</span><br><span class="line">--pid=pid 与-f合用,表示在进程ID,PID死掉之后结束. </span><br><span class="line">-v ：Always print headers.</span><br><span class="line">-q : 不显示处理信息</span><br><span class="line">-s ：与-f合用,表示在每次反复的间隔休眠S秒</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这个还蛮简单的，就最常用的tail -f ws* 和 tail -f cs* | greg tick</p>
<h2 id="grep"><a href="#grep" class="headerlink" title="grep"></a>grep</h2><blockquote>
<p>Linux系统中grep命令是一种强大的文本搜索工具，它能使用正则表达式搜索文本，并把匹配的行打印出来。grep全称是<strong><em>Global Regular Expression Print</em></strong>，表示全局正则表达式版本，它的使用权限是所有用户。.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>grep [options] pattern [files]</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Options Description</span><br><span class="line">-c  : This prints only a count of the lines that match a pattern         <span class="comment">//count</span></span><br><span class="line">-h : Display the matched lines, but <span class="keyword">do</span> <span class="keyword">not</span> display the filenames.      </span><br><span class="line">-i : Ignores, <span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="keyword">for</span> matching</span><br><span class="line">-l : Displays <span class="built_in">list</span> of a filenames only.</span><br><span class="line">-n : Display the matched lines <span class="keyword">and</span> their line numbers.</span><br><span class="line">-v : This prints out all the lines that <span class="keyword">do</span> <span class="keyword">not</span> matches the pattern. </span><br><span class="line">-e <span class="built_in">exp</span> : Specifies expression with <span class="keyword">this</span> option. Can use multiple times.--regexp=&lt;范本样式&gt;  #指定字符串做为查找文件内容的样式。   </span><br><span class="line">-f file : Takes patterns from file, one per line.</span><br><span class="line">-E : Treats pattern as an extended regular expression (ERE)</span><br><span class="line">-w : Match whole word</span><br><span class="line">-o : Print only the matched parts of a matching line,</span><br><span class="line"> with each such part on a separate output line.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">grep的规则表达式:</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">^  #锚定行的开始 如：'^grep'匹配所有以grep开头的行。    </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">$  #锚定行的结束 如：'grep$'匹配所有以grep结尾的行。    </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">.  #匹配一个非换行符的字符 如：'gr.p'匹配gr后接一个任意字符，然后是p。    </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">*  #匹配零个或多个先前字符 如：'*grep'匹配所有一个或多个空格后紧跟grep的行。    </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">.*   #一起用代表任意字符。   </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[]   #匹配一个指定范围内的字符，如'[Gg]rep'匹配Grep和grep。    </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">[^]  #匹配一个不在指定范围内的字符，如：'[^A-FH-Z]rep'匹配不包含A-R和T-Z的一个字母开头，紧跟rep的行。    </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">\(..\)  #标记匹配字符，如'\(love\)'，love被标记为1。    </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">\&lt;      #锚定单词的开始，如:'\&lt;grep'匹配包含以grep开头的单词的行。    </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">\&gt;      #锚定单词的结束，如'grep\&gt;'匹配包含以grep结尾的单词的行。    </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">x\&#123;m\&#125;  #重复字符x，m次，如：'0\&#123;5\&#125;'匹配包含5个o的行。    </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">x\&#123;m,\&#125;  #重复字符x,至少m次，如：'o\&#123;5,\&#125;'匹配至少有5个o的行。    </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">x\&#123;m,n\&#125;  #重复字符x，至少m次，不多于n次，如：'o\&#123;5,10\&#125;'匹配5--10个o的行。   </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">\w    #匹配文字和数字字符，也就是[A-Za-z0-9]，如：'G\w*p'匹配以G后跟零个或多个文字或数字字符，然后是p。   </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">\W    #\w的反置形式，匹配一个或多个非单词字符，如点号句号等。   </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">\b    #单词锁定符，如: '\bgrep\b'只匹配grep。</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<blockquote>
<p>eg:</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://sabistianblogimg.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/linux%20-1.png" alt="exp-1"></p>
<p><img src="https://sabistianblogimg.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/linux-2.png" alt="exp-2"></p>
<p><img src="https://sabistianblogimg.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/linux-3.png" alt="exp-3"></p>
<p><a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/grep-command-in-unixlinux/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">more example</a></p>
<h2 id="cat"><a href="#cat" class="headerlink" title="cat"></a>cat</h2><blockquote>
<p>cat命令的用途是连接文件或标准输入并打印。这个命令常用来显示文件内容，或者将几个文件连接起来显示，或者从标准输入读取内容并显示，它常与重定向符号配合使用。 </p>
</blockquote>
<p>Syntax:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>cat [options] [files]</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">-A, --show-all           等价于 -vET</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">-b, --number-nonblank    对非空输出行编号</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">-e                       等价于 -vE</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">-E, --show-ends          在每行结束处显示 $</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">-n, --number     对输出的所有行编号,由<span class="number">1</span>开始对所有输出的行数编号</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">-s, --squeeze-blank  有连续两行以上的空白行，就代换为一行的空白行 </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">-t                       与 -vT 等价</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">-T, --show-tabs          将跳格字符显示为 ^I</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">-u                       (被忽略)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">-v, --show-nonprinting   使用 ^ 和 M- 引用，除了 LFD 和 TAB 之外</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<blockquote>
<p>eg:</p>
</blockquote>
<p><img src="https://sabistianblogimg.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/linux-4.png" alt="exp-4"></p>
<p><img src="https://sabistianblogimg.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/linux-5.png" alt="exp-5"></p>
<p><img src="https://sabistianblogimg.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/linux-6.png" alt="exp-6"></p>

      
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